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发表于 2010-2-4 15:48:38
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联合国只给周恩来降过半旗
首先,联合国为周恩来下半旗是千真万确的事实,绝对不容否定。
1976年1月12日《参考消息》第三版:
《联合国将持续数天下半旗哀悼周总理逝世》
【路透社联合国一月九日电】为了哀悼中国故总理周恩来,联合国旗今天下半旗,联合国会员国的国旗没有升起,一位联合国发言人说,这种哀悼方式将持续数天。在通常情况下,只是在一位重要的国家政治人物举行葬礼的日子下半旗。
问题是周恩来之前,究竟有没有人享受过联合国下半旗的殊荣?
联合国1947年制定的《旗典》中对下半旗有过规定:
The United Nations Flag Code and Regulations
联合国旗典与规则
V. MOURNING
五、致哀
a. Upon the death of a Head of State or Head of Government of a Member State, the United Nations Flag will be flown at half-mast at United Nations headquarters, at the United Nations Office at Geneva and at United Nations offices located in that Member State;
1.遇有成员国国家元首或政府首脑去世时,联合国总部、日内瓦办事处以及联合国设在该成员国的办事处降半旗。
b. On such occasions, at Headquarters and at Geneva, the United Nations Flag will be flown at half-mast for one day immediately upon learning of the death. If, however, Flags, have already been flying on that day they will not normally be lowered, but will instead be flown at half-mast on the day following the death;
2.遇有上述情况时,联合国总部和联合国日内瓦办事处在获悉该信息后立刻降半旗,为期一天。如当天旗帜已升起,一般不降下,而改在次日降半旗。
c. Should the procedure in paragraph (b) above not be practicable due to weather conditions or other reasons, the United Nations Flag may be flown at half-mast on the day of the funeral. Under exceptional circumstances it may be flown at half-mast on both the day of the death and the day of the funeral;
3.如由于天气或其它原因导致第二款规定中的程序无法实施,则在葬礼日降半旗。在特殊情况下,亦可在该元首或首脑去世之日和葬礼日均降半旗。
d. United Nations offices other than those covered by paragraph (a) above in the case of the death of a national figure or a Head of State or Head of Government of a Member State, will use their discretion, taking into account the local practice, in consultation with the Protocol Office of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs and/or the Dean of the locally accredited Diplomatic Corps;
4.除第一款规定之外,联合国各办公室/办事处在遇有成员国家公众人物、国家元首或政府首脑去世时,可在考虑当地惯例并与外交部礼宾司或当地公认的外交机构负责人协商后,自行判断处理。
e. The head of a specialized agency is authorized by the Secretary -General to lower the United Nations Flag flown by the agency to half-mast in cases where he wishes to follow the official mourning of the country in which the office of the agency is located. He may also lower the United Nations Flag to half-mast on any occasion when the specialized agency is in official mourning;
5.联合国秘书长授权专门机构负责人,可在该机构办事处所在国举行官方葬礼,且该机构负责人认为有必要遵从该葬礼时,将该机构的联合国旗帜降半旗。联合国专门机构负责人亦可在举行该机构的官方葬礼时降半旗。
f. The United Nations Flag may also be flown at half- mast on special instructions of the Secretary-General on the death of a world leader who has had a significant connection with the United Nations;
6.经联合国秘书长的特别指示,在遇有与联合国有紧密联系的世界领袖去世时,可降半旗。
g. The Secretary- General may in special circumstances decide that the United Nations Flag, wherever displayed, shall be flown at half-mast during a period of official United Nations mourning;
7.在特殊情况下,联合国秘书长可决定在联合国官方葬礼期间降半旗。此规定不受地域限制。
h. The United Nations Flag when displayed at half- mast should first be hoisted to the peak for an instant and then lowered to the half-mast position. The Flag should again be raised to the peak before it is lowered for the day;
8.降半旗时,应首先将联合国旗帜升起至旗杆顶端并停留片刻再降至半旗位置。在当日落下旗帜前,亦应先将旗帜升起至顶端然后再降下。
i. When the United Nations Flag is flown at half-mast no other flag will be displayed;
9.联合国降半旗时,不得再同时悬挂其它旗帜。
j. Crepe streamers may be affixed to flagstaffs flying the United Nations Flag in a funeral procession only by order of the Secretary-General of the United Nations;
10.经联合国秘书长同意,在葬礼队伍的联合国旗帜上可附有绢、绸质长带。
k. When the United Nations Flag is used to cover a casket, it should not be lowered into the grave or allowed to touch the ground.
11.使用联合国旗帜覆盖棺椁时,旗帜不得放置于坟墓中或接触地面。
从现在所能接触到的资料来看,尽管《旗典》早就有规定,但似乎并未有效执行。如果按照《旗典》的规定,有很多人都符合条件,联合国在他们逝世时是应该下半旗的,例如1952年英国国王乔治六世、1963年美国总统肯尼迪、1964年印度总理尼赫鲁等,但目前没有找到更多相关的历史资料予以证实。当然目前没有找到,并不代表肯定不存在,现在就下这样的结论未免武断。不过,1948年印度的国父——“圣雄”甘地遇刺、1953年苏共中央总书记、苏联部长会议主席斯大林病逝、1968年美国著名黑人民权运动领袖马丁·路德·金被暗杀,联合国当时都为他们的去世下了半旗。(1976年1月12日《参考消息》中《联合国将持续数天下半旗哀悼周总理逝世》一文的语气,也暗示了之前肯定有先例。)
尽管周恩来不是联合国下半旗的第一人,但国际社会的悼念规模和方式无论从广度还是深度都表现出异乎寻常,远非正常的惯例可比。应当说周恩来总理享受了极其特殊的荣誉,这一点丝毫不夸张,尤其是联合国持续七天下半旗,在这一点上说空前绝后决不为过。 |
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